Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications Free Essays

ASSIGNMENTS Course Code:MS 08 Course Title:Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications Assignment No. :MS-08/TMA/SEM-I/2013 Coverage:All Blocks Note : Attempt all the inquiries and present this task prior to 30th April, 2013 to the organizer of your investigation community. 1. We will compose a custom paper test on Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now A whole of '8550 is to be paid in 15 portions where every portion is '10 more than the past portion. Locate the primary portion and the last portion. Let x = the main installment. The succession of 15 installments is (1) x, x+10, x+20, x+30, †¦ , x+140 The entirety of these 15 installments is 2) 15x + 10*(14*15/2) or (3) 15x + 1050 Now set (3) equivalent to the absolute aggregate to be made and get (4) 15x + 1050 = 8550 or (5) 15x = 7500 or (6) x = 500 The last installment in (1) is x + 140 or (7) fifteenth = 640 Answer: The main installment is $500 and the last installment is $640. I’ll leave it to you to include the grouping of (1) to â€Å"prove† that our answer is correct. LOL 2. A sales rep is known to sell an item in 3 out of 5 endeavors. While another sales rep in 2 out of 5 endeavors. Discover the likelihood that a. No deals will happen b. Both of them will prevail with regards to selling the item Leave An alone the occasion that the main sales rep will sell the item and B be the occasion that the subsequent sales rep will sell the item. Given (1) Probability that no deals will happen = P(A’) ? P(B’) (2) Probability that both of the sales rep will prevail with regards to selling the item = P(A’) ? P(B) + P(A) ? P(B’) 3. A hundred squash balls are tried by dropping from a stature of 100 inches and estimating the tallness of the bob. A ball is â€Å"fast† on the off chance that it transcends 32 inches. The normal tallness of skip was 30 inches and the standard deviation was ? inches. What is the opportunity of getting this show on the road â€Å"fast† standard ball? T otal no. of perceptions N = 100 Mean,? 30inches Standard deviation, ? =3/4 inches=0. 75 inches Suppose ‘x’ is the typical variable=32 inches 4. Clarify the chi-square testing-(I) as a test for freedom of qualities, and (ii) as a test for integrity of fit. About the Chi-Square Test Generally, the chi-square test is a measurable test used to inspect contrasts with all out factors. There are various highlights of the social world we describe through clear cut factors †religion, political inclination, and so forth. To look at theories utilizing such factors, utilize the chi-square test. The chi-square test is utilized in two comparative yet particular conditions: a. or on the other hand assessing how intently a watched appropriation coordinates a normal dissemination †we’ll allude to this as the decency of-fit test b. for assessing whether two irregular factors are autonomous. The Goodness-of-Fit Test One of the all the more intriguing decency of-fit uses of the chi-square test is to look at issues of reasonableness and cheating in rounds of possibility, for example, cards, shakers, and roulette. Since such games ordinarily include betting, there is noteworthy motivator for individuals to attempt to fix the games and claims o f missing cards, â€Å"loaded† dice, and â€Å"sticky† roulette wheels are very normal. So in what manner can the decency of-fit test be utilized to look at cheating in betting? It is simpler to portray the procedure through a model. Take the case of bones. Most shakers utilized in betting have six sides, with each side having an estimation of one, two, three, four, five, or six. On the off chance that the kick the bucket being utilized is reasonable, at that point the opportunity of a specific number coming up is the equivalent: 1 out of 6. Be that as it may, on the off chance that the bite the dust is stacked, at that point certain numbers will have a more noteworthy probability of showing up, while others will have a lower probability. One night at the Tunisian Nights Casino, famous speculator Jeremy Turner (a. k. a. The Missouri Master) is having an awesome night at the craps table. In two hours of playing, he’s piled on $30,000 in rewards and is giving no indication of halting. Groups are assembling around him to watch his streak †and The Missouri Master is telling anybody inside earshot that his good karma is because of the way that he’s utilizing the casino’s fortunate pair of â€Å"bruiser dice,† so named on the grounds that one is dark and the other blue. Unbeknownst to Turner, be that as it may, a gambling club analyst has been unobtrusively watching his rolls and discounting the estimations of each roll, noticing the estimations of the beat up dice independently. After 60 rolls, the analyst has become persuaded that the blue pass on is stacked. Incentive on Blue DieObserved FrequencyExpected Frequency 11610 2510 3910 4710 5610 61710 Total6060 from the get go, this table would give off an impression of being solid proof that the blue pass on was, for sure, stacked. There are more 1’s and 6’s than anticipated, and less than different numbers. In any case, it’s conceivable that such contrasts happened by some coincidence. The chi-square measurement can be utilized to appraise the probability that the qualities saw on the blue bite the dust happened by some coincidence. The key thought of the chi-square test is a correlation of watched and anticipated qualities. What number of something were normal and what number of were seen in some procedure? For this situation, we would anticipate that 10 of each number should have showed up and we watched those qualities in the left segment. With these arrangements of figures, we ascertain the chi-square measurement as follows: Using this recipe with the qualities in the table above gives us an estimation of 13. 6. Finally, to decide the criticalness level we have to know the â€Å"degrees of opportunity. † For the situation of the chi-square decency of-fit test, the quantity of degrees of opportunity is equivalent to the quantity of terms utilized in computing chi-square less one. There were six terms in the chi-square for this issue †hence, the quantity of degrees of opportunity is five. We at that point look at the worth determined in the recipe above to a standard arrangement of tables. The worth came back from the table is 1. 8%. We decipher this as implying that in the event that the bite the dust was reasonable (or not stacked), at that point the opportunity of getting a ? 2 measurement as enormous or bigger than the one determined above is just 1. 8%. As it were, there’s just an exceptionally remote possibility that these rolls originated from a reasonable kick the bucket. The Missouri Master is in a difficult situation. Testing Independence The other essential utilization of the chi-square test is to inspect whether two factors are free or not. I'm not catching it's meaning to be free, in this sense? It implies that the two variables are not related. Normally in sociology research, we’re keen on discovering factors that are connected †training and pay, occupation and notoriety, age and casting a ballot conduct. For this situation, the chi-square can be utilized to survey whether two factors are free or not. All the more for the most part, we state that variable Y is â€Å"not related with† or â€Å"independent of† the variable X if a greater amount of one isn't related with a greater amount of another. On the off chance that two clear cut factors are corresponded their qualities will in general move together, either in a similar heading or in the inverse. Model Return to the model talked about at the prologue to chi-square, in which we need to know whether young men or young ladies fall into difficulty all the more regularly in school. The following is the table reporting the level of young men and young ladies who fell into difficulty in school: Got in TroubleNo TroubleTotal Boys4671117 Girls3783120 Total83154237 To analyze factually whether young men got in a difficult situation in school all the more regularly, we have to outline the inquiry as far as speculations. The most effective method to refer to Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications, Papers

Contributions made to the United States from women Essay

?Preceding the common war an assortment of people, for example, ladies, Native Americans, and African Americans gave various commitments that profited the nation. The ladies brought up youngsters, did the entirety of the family unit errands, and even served in the military. The Native Americans gave settlers their new information on horticulture, and the African Americans gave work to most ranchers. Ladies contributed a lot to this nation. During the time before the common war ladies were giving more to this nation than they ever have previously. While as yet playing out the troublesome assignments of bringing up kids and doing family unit tasks, ladies started to take on more jobs that were typically left for the men. They ran hotels, bars, shipbuilding organizations, imported and sent out merchandise and even claimed organizations. Ladies contributed during the American Revolution by helping either giving human services or really serving in the military. Numerous ladies battled in the war themselves, albeit some needed to claim to be men to do as such. Ladies had an incredible effect in the result of that war. Another arrangement of people who added to America was the Native Americans. Upon the appearance of the primary homesteaders the Natives started showing them the nuts and bolts of agribusiness and endurance. They showed them how to grow a few distinct kinds of harvests just as how to fish, chase and fashion for other food. Moreover, a portion of the locals even shielded the homesteaders from other not all that amicable locals. Without the Natives the homesteaders might not have endure sufficiently long to fabricate the country that they did. African Americans additionally contributed a ton to the nation. African Americans were the primary wellspring of work all through the United States before the common war. Most ranchers depended entirely on their captives to plant, develop, and reap their yields. With the utilization of slaves, ranchers had the option to plant more yields and reap them quicker. By having hirelings to help do family unit errands, African Americans additionally helped make the lives of ladies simpler. The nation profited enormously from these three gatherings of people. By giving something other than what's expected these three gatherings molded the nation into what it is today.

John Donnes Poetry Essays - John Donne, Donne, Wit,

John Donne's Poetry John Donnes Poetry Style The verse of John Donne communicates his own otherworldly convictions. There exists a battle in his composition with the congregation and his hunt otherworldliness. Donne utilizes the physical joining of a man and a lady to speak to getting together with God. A considerable lot of his sonnets portray the procedure of two individuals getting one and finishes in a much more grounded want for two to join into one. Despite the fact that there may not be any sexual movement happening with in the body of the sonnet. This mirrors the temples and furthermore reflects the separation Donne feels among himself and God. Donne is conflicted between two beliefs and can't choose which one is the genuine confidence. Donne has to the conviction that maybe it isn't the houses of worship however a spirit's own wants to locate the genuine confidence. Passing is another subject that Donne raises. Donne decides to utilize things he comprehends as illustrations for his own illumination. He contrasts rapture of sex and that of the sprit. Donne doesnt essentially utilize the delight of being with a lady to how he would feel whenever got together with God, however rather he utilizes as an approach to God. On the off chance that sex is a happiness and mortal act that it is so incredible then otherworldly bliss may feel significantly more noteworthy. This illustration is significant on the grounds that Donne can without much of a stretch relate. Donne's standpoint of death as one minute is another model. Demise to John Donne may really be where the excursion for profound illumination closes. Verse Essays

An Unbiased View of Argumentative Essay Topics for Law Students

<h1> An Unbiased View of Argumentative Essay Topics for Law Students </h1> <p>Usually, it does exclude references and statements in it. When you own a subject and a rundown of references, you should record the entirety of the basic focuses you ought to incorporate, building up an arrangement for your equity paper that could be formed into the absolute first draft essentially by depicting each point. It is hard to find a stunning site with free instances of pugnacious papers and cheap tweaked expositions. With the help of our tips for composing and our fascinating assortment of subjects, you're ensured to procure a high evaluation! </p> <p>There are a few enticing exposition themes to pick from to complete your secondary school or school task. The goal of doling out an article to center school understudies is to make mindfulness and grant them to create composing abilities. Numerous understudies realize it isn't easy to adequately build up a pugnacious su bject. In this way, numerous understudies and workers choose to get modest paper as opposed to composing it themselves. </p> <p>Understanding how to form a solid factious paper will assist you with propelling your own one of a kind pugnacious reasoning. It is fundamental to have a thought about the essential objective of the subject which you will carry out the responsibility. Settling on an easy point may end up being an erroneous track since you may experience issues finding believable sources to help your perspectives. While setting up a legitimate paper numerous understudies accept they should explain every single issue or depict each experiment in order to demonstrate their perspective, though all that they have to do is just tackle a comparative case. </p> <p>Law Essay Profy can support you. You likewise might be keen on business law exposition subjects. Moral factious article points are a couple of the least difficult to become really excited with. Lat e contentious paper themes that are identified with society is going to do.</p> <p>When it has to do with the center school, the factious exposition comprises of moderate subjects. Motivation to make your own publicizing or media pugnacious exposition themes isn't difficult to find. References and concentrates from a few sources must be arranged appropriately. Audit of believable sources regarding the matter. </p> <h2>Argumentative Essay Topics for Law Students for Dummies </h2> <p>As a model, in school, you may be mentioned to create a paper from the restricting perspective. It's essential to choose begging to be proven wrong pugnacious article themes as you need contradicting focuses you could counter to your own focuses. School is for a high measure of study. Another explanation is to see how well understudies contend on different perspectives and show comprehension of the examined subject.</p> <h2> The Fundamentals of Argumentative Essay Topics for Law Students Revealed</h2> <p>To go over pugnacious expos ition themes simple on different stages, you should grasp about the factious article. Having chosen an awesome theme to contend about, now you should make a factious paper diagram. Examining the point will empower you to discover increasingly about what captivates you, and should you pick something you genuinely like, composing the paper will be progressively charming. Factious article themes are so significant since they are debatableand it's essential to consistently be basically considering our general surroundings. </p> <h2> Choosing Good Argumentative Essay Topics for Law Students</h2> <p>When it has to do with composing a contentious article, the central matter to do is to choose a subject and a contention which you can truly get behind. When you have the subject, answer the inquiry and bolster your answer with at least three clarifications for why you trust it. The way to select an incredible point for a pugnacious paper is to pick a subject where ther e's a great deal of discussions on themes or positions. There are a couple of extraordinary points to think about while choosing subject for your pugnacious exposition. </p> <h2>Argumentative Essay Topics for Law Students Secrets That No One Else Knows About </h2> <p>Thus, it's essential to peruse relating designing aide. The absolute best thing about a contentious exposition which contains social issues is you could depict your private experience on the occurrence of the genuine case. It is a specific sort of scholarly composition. Since you may see, composing a pugnacious article on most of the accessible subjects is a tedious procedure which requests a lot of endeavors and aptitudes it's well worth difficult as you can procure exceptional experience. </p> <p>Your perusers need to watch the whole picture, and that is the thing that you should focus on. It is essential in the first place showing the most significant thought of the whole piece so you and your perusers will be on exactly the same page. At the point when understudies are composing their pugnacious papers which need to discover, peruse and dissect a great deal of material to do great. </p> <h2> What Everybody Dislikes About Argumentative Essay Topics for Law Students and Why</h2> <p>The cost of an exposition rides on the amount of exertion the author needs to apply. Winston Churchill gave a prevalent discourse and he was an unrivaled communicator are precisely the same thoughts. </p> <p>There are numerous means which you should take in order to compose an exceptional exposition. The amount and level of contention aren't extraordinary. Other than general information you have with respect to this issue, you wouldn't fret committing some chance to inquire about, composing technique, and different things basic for the great exposition. </p> <h2>Argumentative Essay Topics for Law Students - What Is It? </h2> <p>There are a great many youngsters who are in the US just who are thinking about examining Law. Adolescent hoodlums should be imprisoned as grown-ups. Jail sentences for misdeeds should be expanded. </p>

Your Life After Alcoholic Recovery

Your Life After Alcoholic Recovery Addiction Coping and Recovery Print Your Life After Alcoholic Recovery By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on June 24, 2019  Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use People who have been successful in overcoming their dependence on alcohol and other drugs usually refer to their new lifestyle as being in recovery. But a panel of experts convened by the Betty Ford Institute says there is more to recovery than just being sober. The panel members â€" researchers, treatment providers, advocates, and policymakers â€" believe that the fact that there has never really been a standard definition of the term recovery has hindered public understanding and research on measuring recovery efforts. Experts suggest that a standard definition of recovery could lead to more and better recovery-oriented interventions. The Definition of Recovery As a result, the panel came up with a working definition of recovery as a starting point to promote better communication, research, and public understanding. In their paper, published in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, the panel defines recovery as a voluntarily maintained lifestyle characterized by sobriety, personal health, and citizenship. Recovery may be the best word to summarize all the positive benefits to physical, mental, and social health that can happen when alcohol- and other drug-dependent individuals get the help they need, the expert panel wrote in their article. There Is More to It Than Sobriety According to the panel, sobriety â€" complete abstinence from alcohol and all other nonprescribed drugs â€" is a necessary part of recovery but not sufficient enough to consider someone in true recovery. The panel also listed three levels of sobriety: Early â€" one to 12 months of abstinenceSustained â€" one to five years of abstinenceStable â€" more than five years of sobriety (these individuals are said to be at lower risk of relapse) Giving Back to Society The panel admits that the personal health and citizenship portion of their definition needs refining, but that both elements are key components of recovery. Personal health refers not only to physical and mental health but also to social health â€"participation in family and social roles. Citizenship refers to giving back to the community and society. Achieving Stable Recovery Many people are able to quit drinking or taking drugs and feel that this is all that is required to achieve recovery. The Betty Ford panel of experts believes, however, more is required to achieve sustained, stable recovery from alcohol or drugs. Achieving the other components of recovery â€" personal health and citizenship â€" affects not only the person trying to recover but his or her family, friends and society as a whole.

Proofreading Services

When you order quality, professional proofreading services at EliteWritings.com, you will see how your academic results quickly improve. It is not a secret that the quality of your paper depends mostly on how well you can edit and proofread it. You must be sure that your paper does not contain a single error. This is why you can use the benefits of our proofreading service to solve your academic problems quickly and without major financial losses. Speaking about editing services, we have gathered a team of the most advanced writers and editors. Our professionals are extremely versatile in every aspect of English grammar and style. They are also thorough and accurate in delivering the final result. Rest assured that our editors will review each and every word of your writing to ensure that all academic requirements have been consistently met. Do not worry. Trust your assignment to our qualified professionals. Give yourself a break. Take some rest, while our editors are working on your paper. Our proofreading service hires only the most qualified and experienced writers from US and UK They can deal with any language problem and make even the most problematic papers look superior. They know what it takes to pursue a degree in your field. They have passed through all stages of academic tortures. Thus, it does not really matter what topic you choose for your paper or in what discipline you want to excel. We have proofreading experts in virtually any field, so be ready to become a perfect student with our help! Remember that you cannot submit your paper for grading, unless you have edited and proofread it. It is essential that you write your paper flawlessly, without a single grammar or spelling mistake. If you are not sure that your paper meets the criteria of quality and professionalism in writing, then you need professional help. Do not think that spell checkers and online tools for checking grammar and style will help you make your paper perfect. If you seek absolute accuracy and perfection, then our proofreading specialists will come for help. It is your chance t o avoid any future troubles. It is also your chance to use the most affordable and qualified proofreading assistance available online. As a student, you cannot spend all your time writing and proofreading your works. Moreover, being overloaded with assignments and everyday chores, you will simply fail to check your paper thoroughly and accurately. Small mistakes will go unnoticed. They will negatively impact your grade. Our professional proofreading services were designed for those customers, who do not feel confident relying on their proofreading selves. We realize that the human factor is particularly important, when it comes to academic writing. You cannot always control your mind. Nor can you have enough time to do everything. Proofread your college paper with our help. Do not ignore the advantages of a professional and recognized proofreading service. We will be happy to improve your academic scores. Now I know that your writers are indeed experts because they know how to carry out research just like my teachers expect me to do. I am thankful to your writers and online agents who always reply to my concerns. Jessica I used a couple of other services, who only spoiled my grades. EliteWritings.com was like a savior in my life and I gradually improved my reputation. Josh English writing is definitely not my strongest point and I always make silly mistakes. I surfed the web and found your company. You sent me a good paper with impressive ideas. I really appreciate your help. Anthony Your writers are really competent and hard working. I’ve purchased a difficult research project and to my surprise – I got excellent! Thanks! Addison Wonderful writing service and friendly writers who always communicate with customers! I realized that your company can be trusted when you sent me good papers within short deadlines. James My writer forgot about a part of requirements, but I requested revision and he adjusted the needed part. I got the revised paper shortly and the paper looked just like I was expecting. Lily I was afraid to buy midterm coursework from you, but I did not know how to deal with my topic in computer sciences. I got 93% for the project and was ecstatic. I will surely use your services more. Logan I’ve bought some essays from you and you guys are wonderful! Your writers sent me amazing essays! Mia I did not know about your company and my friend recommended me to order essays from you. Your writer sent me my essays on time and I did not find any mistakes! Abigail I always forget how to use different citation styles and formatting remains challenging for me. I found out that your company offers cheap formatting services and I sent you the paper. Since that time, my teacher never deducts points for formatting mistakes. Alexander I am a horrible writer and I would rather pass several tests than work on essays. I found your service and you guys are great! You offered me good discounts and I am pleased to get affordable papers. Cooperation with you is worth it. Zoe Quick and good service! Olivia I am so bad in writing that I thought I would fail every class. One of my friends told me to use your services and I could not believe my eyes. Your writers managed to improve my academic records very fast! Thank you. Samantha I am so lucky! Your essays improved my reputation. Taylor Our proofreading service experts will not simply check your paper in terms of its grammar and style. Our proofreading experts will also pay their attention to the logic and consistency of your text. How readable is it? How comprehensive is it? These are just some of the many questions our qualified editors will try to answer, while working with your paper. This is actually why you should rely only on the most professional and goal-oriented college paper editors. Remember that grammar and style are not everything. Your paper may be grammatically flawless but absolutely unreadable. As a student, you may not have enough time to proofread and edit your paper. Sometimes, it requires the whole literature course to develop effective writing and reading skills. You certainly do not have any time for it. At EliteWritings.com, you will find the support and help you need produce a perfect paper. At the same time, and it is not that rare, you may think that your paper is perfect. You may also believe that you are an outstanding writer, so you do not need our proofreading service's help. However, remember that the best writers in this world would not be born without relevant support of qualified editors. Our professional proofreading services are designed for those, who need outside assistance to turn their words into a coherent piece of writing. Our professional proofreading services are for those, who simply cannot let their grades go. Being as talented as you are, you simply cannot ignore the importance of qualified editing help. EliteWritings.com guarantees excellent services provided by expert editors at the most affordable price. You will work only with native English speaking editors and writers, who will do everything possible to refine your text. Our professionals have gone through tons of academic assignments, either their own or those written by our customers. Even if you think that your paper is too challenging to improve, we can do the job. Do not worry, because you are with EliteWritings.com. It is a unique place for everyone, who needs editing and proofreading help. Be ready to enjoy the result. We do not miss deadlines. We do not ignore your instructions and requirements. We at EliteWritings.com want to make sure that our talents benefit you. Just do it! We at EliteWritings.com want to make sure that our talents benefit you. Just do it!

Analysis Of Hermann Hesse s Siddhartha And Things...

Ordinarily, people face many situations where they have to make a tough decision. As an example, politics and culture affect a lot of what people do, say, and feel. Sometimes, changes or continuities based on a decision can change anyone. How do we cope with these feelings though? There are many ways to deal with these emotions, some are bad and some are good. Even in books like â€Å"Siddhartha†, â€Å"How To Kill a Mockingbird†, and â€Å"Things Fall Apart† characters need help in dealing with situations. The individuals distract themselves by setting goals, looking for a change, trying to understand something new, making a change in themselves for the greater good, and the best thing, staying calm. In a way or manner, how you transact with an advancement or coming to the realization of a continuity in your world, can be dealt with in many ways. Expanding on this subject, in â€Å"Siddhartha† by Hermann Hesse, Siddhartha made a goal, after achieving it he wanted diversity. When people are dealing with change, they try to accentuate the positives and the negatives by setting goals for themselves or overthinking the situation. Siddhartha set one goal for himself. â€Å"...A single goal: to become empty, empty of thirst, empty of wishing, empty of dreams, empty of joy and sorrow.† (Chapter â€Å"With The Samanas†) This is a step he would take to reach enlightenment. Meditation, fasting, and begging for food every day became too known to him though. Sometimes people are unsatisfied with their life because

The Aviation Fever After The World War I - 1356 Words

James â€Å"Dutch† Kindelberger, a member of the National Aviation Hall of Fame, played a pivotal role in American aviation. Kindelberger was born in Wheeling, West Virginia in 1895, 20 years before the first heavier than air flight by the Wright brothers. After attending only one year of high school, Dutch dropped out to become a steel mill apprentice. After experiencing the brutal hard work of the steel mill, he decided to go back to school learn drafting at Carnegie Institute of Technology, which would prove to be a useful skill in his future in avionics. Kindelberger first caught the aviation fever after an ariel exhibition by the famous Lincoln Beachey in 1913. His flying fever led Dutch to become a pilot instructor in the Army during†¦show more content†¦As President of North American, Kindelberger would lead design in many military and civilian aircraft as well as make huge strides in rocket-powered aircraft, laying a foundation for the United States  "Space Race† with the USSR. Before his death in 1962 Kindelberger would see his foundation put an American in space. Although serving as an instructor in World War I, most of Kindelberger’s largest impacts came during the inter-war years and World War II. While working as a mid-tier draftsman and designer with the Martin Company, he helped with the design of the illustrious Martin Bombers which were a series of superior bombers used towards the end of World War I. The Martin Bombers had new some never before seen features such as closed cockpits, rotating guns and retractable landing gear as well as much more. The innovation in these planes changed the standards for bombers at the time thus leading to other bomber designs being obsolete. Then, with his experience at Martin, Kindelberger was able to move over to the Douglas Aircraft Company where his genius really began to shine through. With Douglas Kindelberger designed seventy one models for both military and ci vil use. One of his greatest accomplishments was the creation timeless DC series. Kindelberger’s great brain child, the DC-2, would be outshined by other aircraft in the DC family, but it still paved the way for commercial airliners. The DC-2 was one of the first airliners and would

The Human Soul Essay - 1496 Words

Thus Spoke Zarathustra is a novel written to have an in-depth examination of the human soul. Nietzsche wrote this book with the intent to reach out to those who were open to understanding how to turn their soul inside out to overcome themselves and the human nature instilled into them. Although Zarathustra was quite a short passage within the book that directly spoke to this concept, Nietzsche’s entire book alludes to this message of evolving through transcendence. In this passage, he states that, â€Å"all beings so far have created something beyond themselves (Nietzsche, 124)† and then goes on to imply that just like an ape must overcome itself to become a human being, an individual must now overcome themselves to become the overman (Nietzsche, 125). He takes the stance of mocking mankind for its failure to continue evolving. Nietzsche’s concept of the overman answers the problem of nihilism. He demonstrates how God does not exist, and thus the overman acts as their own God, which inherently provides morality and values for themselves as they see fit. Since the overman is an independent individual, they are not a slave or a master and they do not force their beliefs onto others. Their freedom allows them to block out herd mentality and gives them the power to master self discipline. For this reason, Nietzsche depicts the overman as the next step in the evolution of humans. The overman does not believe in a higher power, and therefore believes that the meaning of life is thatShow MoreRelatedThe Human Soul And The Soul s Salvation1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn his letter to the priest, Sixtus, Augustine claims that â€Å"†¦when [humans] suppose that free choice is taken away if they agree that a human being cannot have a good will without the help of God, they do not understand that they do not strengthen human choice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he establishes one of the most debated concepts of the Reformation period: The human soul cannot save it s self. This idea of Soteriology, expressed in his â€Å"Letter 194† presents only one side of the argument. On the other side of the spectrumRead MorePsychology And The Human Soul998 Words   |  4 Pagestrying to understand the human mind in its conscious and unconscious state. The thoughts in our conscious not only affect our behavior but it allows or prohibits certain actions; for example, a person who has an emotional attraction to someone is less likely to lie to them. However, they’re three noted forms in psychology such as; philosophical psychology, academic psychology and popular psychology. Philosophical psychology is the study of how psychology and the human soul are intertwined. Many believeRead MoreThe Human Soul And Dying1205 Words   |  5 Pagesgain an accurate understanding of what the Scriptures actually say about the soul, death, and the afterlife. It does not cover the numerous traditions that have been passed on and are taught and accepted by many as truth. Its basis is the Scriptures. With this in mind, this study should be read with much prayer, analyzing each Scripture reference for your own understanding and edification. The subject of the human soul and dying comes up in many different conversations and in a variety of situationsRead MoreThe Engineer Of The Human Soul978 Words   |  4 PagesIn the words of Joseph Stalin, â€Å"the writer is the engineer of the human soul†. Dean’s career choices as a child would always be fluctuating: he never legitimately made up his mind, but it changed with each passing phase of interest in his life. Paleontology, marine biology, astronomy. Most of Dean’s hobbies and interests were sciences. It wasn’t until a few years ago that he realized what he wanted to do: write the perfect novel. When Dean would read books, he would always hate the endings; theyRead MorePlatos Belief that the Human Soul is Immortal1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nicene Creed appointed the roles of trinity by using the familiar triad set forth by Plato. God maintains His position as the Father and most important; Jesus becomes a divine human - born of the Father and the Holy Spirit; and the Holy Spirit brings knowledge and truths which are set forth by both the Father and Son. â€Å"The true foundation upon which the doctrine rests is God himself†¦ it is God as he acted in history, entering our world as a Jewish carpenter named Jesus, dying and rising againRead MorePlato s Theory Of The Human Soul1074 Words   |  5 Pagesmention him in his theory of the human soul because they have two different points to argue when it comes to this topic. One of Plato’s main point is that the soul is not a part of the body, and that it is imprisoned here on earth. He also argues that the soul h as three main parts. On the contrary, Ibn Sina believed that we are all sharing one soul. Plato was born in 429?–347 B.C.E. and was the founder of the Athenin Academy. It is said that his theory of the soul was the starting point for psychologyRead More Transcending Evolution: The Human Consciousness, or The Soul1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Human Consciousness, or The Soul In 1838 Charles Darwin wrote in his journal Man in his arrogance thinks himself a great work worthy the interposition of a deity. More humble and I think truer to consider him created from animals. (Rachels, 1990) Daniel C. Dennett refers to Darwins theory of evolution as a universal acid, a theory so powerful it seeps through every traditional concept and leaves behind a revolutionized world-view, resulting not only in a fundamental shift in the way inRead MoreThe Holocaust : The Human Soul And Exposed Its Depths927 Words   |  4 Pages The Holocaust is regarded as one of the worst events in human history. In fact, the vast majority of those who were sent to a concentration camp perished there. When prisoners view the despair all around them, they find it hard to see meaning behind all the suffering. Life is no longer worth living, so many prisoners see suicide as the only option to escape the pain. As a psychiatrist who was sent to Auschwitz, a concentration camp notorious for it s crematoriums, Viktor Frankl has a special perspectiveRead MoreContradictions and Paradoxes in the Human Soul in â€Å"the Human Abstract†, by William Blake1110 Words   |  5 Pagesand paradoxes in the human soul in â€Å"The Human Abstract†, by William Blake Before being good or bad, human beings are just humans who have to live with their own nature, which they sometimes cannot control. Man can do good or evil but he always makes it with a unique purpose, his personal satisfaction, because it is simply in his nature. Thus, human beings aware of good and evil are confronted with conflicting choices but they never act against their will. The poem, â€Å"The Human Abstract†, writtenRead MoreAristotle s Rhetorical Rhetoric On The Human Soul1553 Words   |  7 Pagescause of human difference. He discusses in Book I of his series Politics the nature of the human soul and how different groups of people are dominant or submissive to each other depending on various unchangeable factors. However, his understanding of the human soul is inherently biased because of his provincial scope of views and experiences. His arguments lack empirical evidence, and are riddled with contradictions and logical fallacies. Aristotle’s definition of the prototypical human being draws

Changjiang Liu Essay 2 - 1476 Words

Changjiang Liu AMST 252 Essay 2 Professor Francille Rusan Wilson TA: Maytha Alhassen 11/10/2013 When talking about the perspective of Assata Shakur, we always remember her radical style. Assata felt the power of oppression when she was a child. As she narrated in her autobiography, there was a zoo near her grandparents’ home. Everyday she would beg, plead, whine and nag her grandmother to take her to the zoo. However, one day her grandmother told her that they were not allowed to enter the zoo because they were black (Shakur 27). This childhood memory left a deep impression of segregation on Assata. When discussing the origin of Assata’s radicalness, we can conclude that her childhood memory was one important reason. Shakur saw†¦show more content†¦In her opinion, understanding history helps African Americans to understand the meaning and value of their movement. Once people know their goals and values by history, they know why they take part in the movement and what should they do. Comparing Assata’s political view with other nationalists and feminists, we can find some similarities and some of Assata’s distinctiveness. Although Malcolm X is also considered as a radical activist, the extent of his radicalness is quite small compared with Assata Shakur. They both believed that government would not protect African Americans at all. As Malcolm X referred in his speech The Ballot or The Bullet:â€Å" You and I in America are faced not with a segregationist conspiracy, we are faced with a government conspiracy† (Marable Mullings 407). Similar to Assata’s perspective that politicians are liars, Malcolm X also thought that Black people could not rely on government. In the opinion of Assata and Malcolm X, black people must do something by themselves in order to live a better life. However, Malcolm X didn’t engage in terrorism like Assata did. He thought that African Americans didn’t need to attack white people and police. Malcolm would like to see white people as untrustworthy competitors. In his opinion, African Americans should understand the importance of controlling the econ omy of their community (Marable Mullings 410).

Ebay Paypal Free Essays

With more than 94 million active users globally, eBay is the world’s largest online marketplace, where practically anyone can buy and sell practically anything. Founded in 1995, eBay connects a diverse and passionate community of individual buyers and sellers, as well as small businesses. Their collective impact on e-commerce is staggering: In 2010, the total worth of goods sold on eBay was $62 billion — more than $2,000 every second. We will write a custom essay sample on Ebay Paypal or any similar topic only for you Order Now For the latest stories about eBay, including recent financial performance, With more than 94 million active registered accounts worldwide, PayPal has made it possible for individuals and businesses to pay and get paid online across different locations, currencies and languages. Responding to the eBay community, which had quickly adopted PayPal as its preferred payment method, eBay Inc. acquired the company in 2002. Since then, PayPal’s customer base has grown, both on eBay and across e-commerce. Having built a single global payments engine that has some of the best risk and fraud detection capabilities in the payments industry, PayPal continues to be one of the leading ways to pay online. Today, PayPal is available in 190 markets, 24 currencies, and is accepted by millions of online merchants around the world. With more than 94 million active users globally, eBay is the world’s largest online marketplace, where practically anyone can buy and sell practically anything. Founded in 1995, eBay connects a diverse and passionate community of individual buyers and sellers, as well as small businesses. Their collective impact on e-commerce is staggering: In 2010, the total worth of goods sold on eBay was $62 billion — more than $2,000 every second. For the latest stories about eBay, including recent financial performance, How to cite Ebay Paypal, Papers

Recognition And Measurement Of An Impairment Loss For An Individual

Question: Discuss about the Recognition And Measurement Of An Impairment Loss For An Individual Asset. Answer: Impairment Loss: Impairment loss occurs when carrying amount of asset or cash generating unit exceeds the recoverable value of asset or cash generating unit. Then, carrying value of the asset is required to be reduced by the difference. This reduced amount will be recognized as an Impairment loss. The same statement can be described through the following formula: Impairment loss = Carrying amount - recoverable amount. Carrying amount: - Book value of the asset or cash generating unit as per the accounting records. Recoverable amount: - Recoverable amount is higher of the following 2 factors:- V. (Expected price to be received on sale of the asset) less transfer expenses (all the costs associated with the sale of asset) and Value in use (Present value of the cash inflows expected in future from the assets or cash generating unit) Key Indicators of Impairment loss of asset or cash generating unit are:- Internal factor - Some examples of internal factors are: damage of the asset, economic performance of the asset is not as per expectation, held for disposal, etc. External factor - Some examples of external factors are: Change in economy, obsolete technology, reduction in market value of asset, change in legal environment, etc. Impairment loss reversal defines the rise in the potential service of asset for balancing period, which can be either from use or sale, from the date when organization last assessed an impairment loss for asset- (Hamilton, 2011) The value of the asset which is in use could be more than carrying amount of asset as Present value of future cash flows will increase when they come closer. But, Assets potential of service cannot be increased. Thus, impairment loss cannot be reverse due to the time passage Even if recoverable amount of asset becomes higher than its carrying amount-(Thomas, 2011) Impairment loss reversal for a CGU (which is also known as cash generating unit): Firstly, Impairment loss on reversal of CGU (which is also known as cash generating unit) shall be distributed to Asset rather than goodwill to increase the carrying amount of particular asset, afterwards it will be allocated to goodwill. This process should be done on pro rata basis. Carrying amount of asset by which it increases shall be treated as impairment loss reversal for asset (only individual) and will be recognized accordingly. While doing allocation for impairment loss reversal for CGU, then in that case Carrying amount of CGU or asset shall not exceed the lower of the following: Amount which is recoverable; if it can identified by the organization or Assets carrying amount which is identified, but it should be net of depreciation and no impairment loss on asset should had been identified for the particular asset during previous years. The amount of the reversal of the impairment loss that would otherwise have been allocated to the asset should be allocated to the other assets of the unit on a pro-rata basis. The reversal amount of impairment loss of asset or CGU shall be distributed to the assets of the unit on specified basis i.e. pro rata basis Journal entry for recognizing impairment loss: Impairment Loss Account Debited Asset Account or Impairment Allowance Account Credited In case, if firm/company is unable to compute the recoverable amount for an individual asset, then in such scenario recoverable amount for the whole cash generating unit is computed and accordingly impairment loss is computed for the cash generating unit. Then, such impairment loss of the cash generating unit should be allocated to the individual assets. If company is having revaluation reserve against the asset, which is required to be impaired, then impairment loss to the extent of revaluation reserve will be adjusted against the revaluation reserve, thereafter impairment loss if any, will be charged to statement of profit and loss account. Further, depreciation will be computed for the remaining useful life of the asset on the revised carrying amount. Impairment of capital generating unit (AASB-136) After performing impairment test for asset, amount which should be recoverable will be calculated for individual asset. When it is not possible to assess the value of individual, then in that case estimate the recoverable amount of CGU (capital generating unit) to which such asset belongs. Capital generated unit is the smallest group of asset which can be identifiable and which has capacity to generate independent cash flow. Under cash generating unit, Impairment of loss will be allocated to asset in the provided way; first goodwill will be allocated to the cash generation unit, after that other assets will be allocated on pro rata basis. Under cash generating unit, carrying amount of asset should not be less than highest of the following: Net SP (selling price) / Value in use / 0 (zero). For example: There is a bus operator who obtains four licenses for buses in four different routes. Out of four routes, three routes are profitable whereas one is not profitable route. Now, in this case government ensures that transportation service should be available to all routes. So, government imposed restriction upon bus operator that he shall operate his buses on all the routes, otherwise he will not be allowed to operate his bus at any route. Impairment of goodwill If financial statement of the organization have goodwill with respect to Cash generating unit then organization should perform Bottom up approach, which means that identification should be done if goodwill will be allocated to cash generating unit after that compare the recoverable amount with carrying amount( by taking the impact of goodwill) to recognize impairment loss. But, if goodwills carrying amount cannot be allocated on consistent basis, then in that case Top down approach will be followed. Top down approach can be performed by identifying smallest cash generating unit on which goodwill is allocated then comparison should be done between recoverable amount of larger cash generating unit and carrying amount( after taking the impact of goodwill) to recognize impairment loss. For example: A limited has three units of x, y and z. Goodwill shown in the books is $40 and it cannot be identified and allocated to any of the unit i.e x, y and z. Carrying amount of X = 150 Carrying amount of Y = 100 Carrying amount of Z= 35 Cumulative carrying amount = 285 Recoverable amount of X = 115 Recoverable amount of Y= 105 Recoverable amount of z= 40 Answer: Bottom up for X Carrying amount = 150 Recoverable amount =115 Impairment loss= 35 Top down for X and Y Carrying amount (40 + 100+ 115) = 255 Recoverable amount = 220 Impairment loss = 35 Now, the impairment loss of 35 will be adjusted against goodwill of 40. Remaining goodwill of $5 will be carry forward and total impairment loss will be recognized of $70. Reversal of Impairment loss:- If company has the positive indicators which indicate that impairment loss booked in the previous years might have reduced, then there will be reversal of Impairment loss. Journal entry in such case would be: Asset Account or Impairment Allowance Account Debited Reversal of Impairment Loss Account Credited References Thomas (2011),"Understanding Impairment Accounting: What It Is and When It Is Used", API Press, London. Anonymous, "IAS 36 Impairment of Assets", IAS Plus. Deloitte [Accessed: 22nd May 2017] Hamilton (2011), "Impairment: IASB-FASB Comparison" (PDF), Drake Management Review, America. Paperback (2009), Impairment of asset, Gee publishing, London. John Wiley (2014), IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), London. Roman. L (2013), Financial reporting: An introduction to accounting, United Kingdom. Ron degwell (2012), Corporateaccounting in Australia, Pearson publication, Sydney. Stickney (2010), AASB-136, API hall, Australia.

Free on Shakespeares Macbeth The Two Side Essay Example For Students

Free on Shakespeares Macbeth The Two Side Essay d Lady Macbeth Macbeth essaysThe Two Sided Lady Macbeth One of the main characters in the Shakespearean play Macbeth, is the wife of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is a very two sided character in this play. She consistently acts differently when she is with her husband than she does when she is not. There are various examples of this exhibitied in the play. One of the most notable examples of this is contained in Act I Scene v when Lady Macbeth reads the letter written to her by Macbeth. Shortly after reading it, she makes the comment that she feels Macbeth is too kind to murder Duncan and that he will need her help, strength, and willpower to commit it. However, after she hears that Macbeth is returning home, she calls upon evil spirits and other demonic entities to give her some aid. She does this because she realizes that she doesnt have the strength of will to persuade Macbeth into murdering Duncan after all. Then, when Macbeth arrived, just after she finished praying for h elp, she acts as if she has a heart of stone and that Macbeth is not a man if he is afraid of killing Duncan. This is a prime example of her deception towards him, and how she acts differently when she is alone than when she is around him. Another example of her being two sided is the role she talks about playing in Duncans death, and the role that she actually does play in it. There are a few times in the play, mostly when she is attempting to persuade Macbeth into committing the murder, that she says he should just leave the murder to her. Throughout the play she gradually decreases her role in the murder until it becomes Macbeths job to kill Duncan, not hers. This is another very large trick on her part, but one that Macbeth also fails to see; Whether it is because he chooses not to, or because he is too naive to realize it. The last noteworthy example of her inconsistency occurs between Act I Scene vii and Act II Scene ii. In Act I Scene vii she severely scolds Macbeth for havin g second thoughts about committing the murder. She tries to get rid of his rational thoughts by saying that he must not really love her if he can change his mind on the murder, which she says he promised her he would do. She then says that if she promised him something, even if it was as awful as killing her newborn babe, she would do it. Despite the fact that he never made such a promise, he once again fails to realize that she is lying to him. She then continues by making fun of him until she has weakened his position on the subject and he finally agrees to her plan. However, in Act II Scene ii, when she is alone, she makes the statement that she would have killed the sleeping Duncan had he not looked like her father. This just proves that she isnt nearly as strong and as evil as she pretends to be around Macbeth. It is easy to see how two sided Lady Macbeth is. When around Macbeth she seems to have no emotions, but when she is alone with the audience it is quite clear that that i s not really true.

Argumentative Essay Topics on Racism

Argumentative Essay Topics on RacismOne of the greatest advantages of writing an argumentative essay is that it is so much easier to do than a topic on racism. It is possible to spend much more time when engaging in an argumentative essay. However, there are certain rules you need to follow to ensure that your essay on this subject is effective.The first thing you should consider before starting is how the essay will relate to the overall theme of the course or paper. Is it a critical essay that sets out to challenge a particular viewpoint or is it a more general piece that aims to address problems of racism in society? This will affect the type of essay you write. Of course, you can also consider how the essay relates to other projects that are similar to the one you are working on.There are a variety of argumentative essay topics on racism and a number of them have proven to be useful. One of the most popular is to present statistics as proof that racial discrimination is as common as racism itself. Another option is to present statistics that show that most forms of discrimination go unreported, thus suggesting that racism is widespread and ingrained in our society.By making your essay on this topic argumentative, you give students the opportunity to express their opinions in a clear, concise way. But remember that it is important to state the facts and to avoid using an emotive style, where you make a direct attack on the attitudes of the racist, without offering any reason why these attitudes should be changed.In fact, this is one of the best arguments you can use when you are presenting your argumentative essay topics on racism. If you have successfully argued against racism and all its manifestations, then your audience will be open to hearing more from you. Your arguments will not simply be for the purpose of convincing others, but rather as an example of the kind of argument you would make if you were arguing against racism.While there are many argumen ts available on what to write about in your essay topics on racism, there are only a handful that are likely to give you the best chance of success. So keep these points in mind when you are writing your essay.As the debate over the merits of essay topics on racism continues, you may find yourself not being able to complete your project with as much impact as you might have expected. Nevertheless, by keeping your eye on the target, you can achieve a better outcome for your essay on this subject.

Literary Terms from Word Search Flashcard

Literary Terms from Word Search

How to Write an Essay on a Teacher

How to Write an Essay on a Teacher It’s a rather complicated task to write an essay on a teacher because only a few people can really understand how difficult and challenging this profession is. A teacher should not only be an expert in teaching but also to be ready to face various problems and cope with them. A good teacher does everything possible to create a comfortable atmosphere at a class that can stimulate students’ creativity and thinking. How to Start? The most important thing is to find a topic that can provoke discussions. That shouldn’t be just â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† issues. It must let people agree or disagree with the author. In addition, it should be not only provocative but specified as well. It’s better to avoid too general statements and keep to the problem which one can support with solid and trustworthy evidence, facts, and statistics. For example, the topic may sound like â€Å"What Type of Teacher Do Contemporary Students Need: Authoritative, Liberal or Democratic?† Different parents think differently. Such a topic can make people participate in debates trying to prove their point of view. The Next Step Is a Proper Structure Each academic assignment has a required structure. An essay should include an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction presents the problem and explains its nature and/or possible solution. There should be also a thesis statement in the introductory part. For example, â€Å"Today, more and more teachers prefer the democratic way of teaching to the authoritative one. As a result, students become uncontrolled and start losing interest in their study.† A writer should also strike the reader from the very beginning using rhetorical questions, citations, analogies, anecdotes, captivating stories, etc. The body is the largest part of the essay because it includes the whole information on the topic in details. The research is to be thorough and correspond with the chosen topic. The conclusion sums everything up and can give the idea for further research of the problem. This part of the essay should also be impressive. When the first and the last words hit the target auditory, the whole essay will have a chance to get A+. For example, â€Å"It doesn’t matter what type of teaching a teacher chooses. If a person is really good at teaching, students will be inspired with hope, lit with rich fancy, and infused with love to learning.† Other Things to Mention When dealing with academic writing a person should pay attention to each detail. A student must learn all the requirements and follow them. There are different writing styles (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.), and each of them needs some specific spacing, font and its size, the arrangement of the bibliography section, footnotes, title page, and a number of other details. It’s also necessary to sound logical and avoid making grammar mistakes. Each part of the essay must support the main idea of the paper and there must be a logical connection between them. One should also arrange appendix and supporting materials if necessary.

Chinese Accounting Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinese Accounting Standards - Essay Example China is world's second largest economy. Over a period of liberalization Chinese accounting standards have shifted from a centrally control economy to an open market economy. But the developments of Chinese accounting standards have been highly influenced from the political environment of the country. Because of these constraints there are still major differences between Chinese accounting framework and FIRSs of International Accounting Standards (IAS). In PRC, Ministry of Finance sets out accounting standards. These government-defined standards are often less value relevant as the government has its own political compunctions [5]. This situation is again complicated due to weak capital market infrastructure. The main areas where there is appreciable difference between PRC GAAP and IFRS includes the valuation of fixed assets over a period of time i.e. depreciation measurements and the amortization of intangible assets, the methods of accounting for income taxes, measuring goodwill and intangible assets, amortization of goodwill and intangible asset, mineral rights, the expenditure to explore develop and extract minerals, and research and development costs [2]. Though Ministry of Finance (MOF) of Peoples Republic of China is trying to fill in the gaps between Chinese GAAP and IFRS there are still many areas where these two accounting standards are differentiate... areas of inventory and temporary investment valuation, provision for bad debts, depreciation and revaluation of fixed assets, and amortization of intangible assets. Chinese GAAP rules require the inventories for an organization to be calculated at historical costs whereas IFRS rules evaluate the inventories according to lower of cost and market (LOCAM) principles. According to Chinese GAAP long-term investment companies having less than 50% share holding can choose among cost and equity methods for their financial auditing. Chinese GAAP is followed for managerial opportunistic purposes though it is quite similar to IFRS in practice. Chinese GAAP allows unrestricted use of accruals by capital expenses for operating leases and unsymmetrical allocation of costs between finished and running work processes. Ways in which Chinese rules differ from IFRS There are many differences between Chinese GAAP and IFRS arising due to non-accounting government regulations. Financial Rules for Enterprises framed by MOF of PRC defines the rules for cost depreciation, residual value and useful life of different fixed assets. Chinese GAAP accounting practices are more practical in measuring depreciation of assets; it is based on historical cost of assets or measures the inventory at a planned price, which is in contrast to fare value oriented valuation of IFRS standards [2]. Financial Rules for Enterprises stases that assets of certain categories should be amortized over a period of minimum ten years, which may be an impractical dictate as these assets needs more than ten years to yield any economic benefits. Many industries related to welfare, pension and other special reserves generally require more than ten years to give any tangible economic benefits. The way Chinese accounting

The Art of Negotiation - reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Art of Negotiation - reflection paper - Essay Example At a personal level, the thought of bargaining or negotiation does not cross my mind on an everyday basis. However, Moore and Woodrow (2010) contend that negotiation is an ongoing process in the life of an individual. This is because individuals always strive to make their lives better in one way or another. In the process, negotiation becomes critical as far as realizing the underlying outcomes is concerned. In this respect, it is eye opening to learn that bargaining and negotiating is a significant part of an individual’s experiences over time. Whether negotiation takes place at an individual, social, economic, legal, political, or business level, it is evident that some individuals are better negotiators than others are (Thompson, 2009).An actual negotiator usually has certain characteristics. They are good listeners with high and reasonable expectations. Regardless of having a good knowledge of the topic, they give time to the other party to express themselves. To add on, they usually have the willingness to prepare on the area of discussion and are people of very high integrity (Kramer, 2001). In other words, the strategy and approach employed in negotiations are critical to the expected results. The success, effectiveness, and efficiency of the negotiator determine what the negotiator gains at the end. This is because the primary goal of negotiating or bargaining is emerge a winner as opposed to a loser. However, it is important to point out that negotiations encompass both winning and losing depending on the skills of the persons involved. The art of negotiation in the business world usually has several steps. The first step is preparing on the right strategy. This mainly involves developing an intense knowledge for the matter at hand. With all the relevant knowledge it is easy for someone to negotiate and answer any question that may arise.

How Is Readability Important To Writability?

How Is Readability Important To Writability? User-defined operator overloading can harm the readability of a program if the user doesnt take into account differences in operands and possible confusion between the function of an operator. Consider if a user defined to mean the logical AND statement in Boolean logic. Someone else might believe to be the address of a variable such as the case in a language like C. It would make the code difficult to understand for a reader as well as make it difficult for a compiler to catch potential errors when the two functions of the get mixed up. What is aliasing? Aliasing is having two or more distinct names that can be used to access the same memory cell. It is useful in that it allows a programmer more freedom to access data but it also can be dangerous in that aliasing can lead to a lot of errors especially if a programmer doesnt do a good job of keeping track of these names or pointers to a memory cells. How is readability important to writability? Readability is important to writability because if a programming language is difficult to read and understand then it can be difficult for a programmer to create new code that might need to interact or use other code. Often times code needs to be modified and if a program is difficult to read then it is difficult to add new code to it. What are the three fundamental features of an object-oriented programming language? The three fundamental features of object-oriented programming are encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. Encapsulation promotes the concept of information hiding, which is useful because it protects information from being changed or altered by other parts of a program. Inheritance allows one to reuse existing software so it allows significant improvement in productivity. Polymorphism allows data types and function to belong to more generic classes thus allowing for different data types to be processed in a uniform manner. What are three general methods of implementing a programming language? One method is compiler implementation in which programs are translated into machine language. Another method is called pure interpretation in which programs are interpreted by an interpreter. A third implementation method is called a hybrid implementation in which high-level language programs and translated to an intermediate language for easier interpretation. What arguments can you make for the idea of a single language for all programming domains? If there is only a single language for all programming domains this simplifies code and increases readability because everyone would learn the same language and have a common understanding of symbols and functions. There are no additional costs of having to train programmers in multiple languages and software would be easier to integrate since everything would be written in the same language. What arguments can you make against the idea of a single language for all programming domains? Different programming languages have different strengths and weaknesses and using a single language for all programming domains can make things more difficult especially when programming in a different language might be easier and more suitable. For example a functional programming language would be ideal for applying functions to given parameters but not a very good way of representing objects in the real world as opposed to object oriented programming. Some programs are more reliable in that they catch errors but at the cost of execution time and run time speed. Others run quickly and efficiently but are more prone to errors. Having a choice of languages makes accomplishing a certain task easier. What common programming language statement, in your opinion, is most detrimental to readability? One of the most common programming language statements that is detrimental to readability is the conditional statement such as an if, while, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ especially if it involves compound statements and or nested conditionals. I believe this is detrimental because often times conditional statements involve the reader of a code having to scroll up and down to follow what goes next. This is especially true with older languages that use the goto statement or ones that use the break command to leap out of a given conditional statement to a line further down or up. I personally find it even more difficult with nested loop statements because one has to recognize layers of conditionals and even more so in languages like C or Java that use brace marks to end compound statements. Sometimes a reader will forget which loop is running or will have a difficult time debugging when forgets to use a brace mark and the conditional statements overlap. Java uses a right brace to mark the end of all compound statements. What are the arguments for and against this design? One of the arguments for the usage of a right brace mark to end all compound statements is that it keep the syntax simple for compound statements and it saves a programmer time for not having to write extra characters to denote the end of a compound statement. One of the arguments against using braces to end all compound statements in Java is that its more detrimental to readability. Its more difficult to determine which different compound statement (while loop, for loop, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) is ending if you use a right brace mark to end all of those statements. This can be especially troublesome if you use many different types of multiple compound statements. Languages like Ada dont use right brace marks to end compound statements and that language has greater readability in this case. For example in Ada end if determines the ending of an if statement, and end loop determines the end of a loop. Many languages distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters in user-defined names. What are the pros and cons of this design decision? One of the arguments in favor of distinguishing between upper and lowercase letters in user-defined names is that it helps maintain code readability. For example if POINTER, Pointer, and pointer were distinct names that denoted different entities, then it might confuse someone reading the code. One of the cons of languages distinguishing between uppercase and lowercase letters is that it could hurt writability by making it harder for a programmer to code. For example if a programmer used MyString as a user name, then that programmer would have to remember that special case usage since Mystring, and mystring would not be recognized. 10) What are the arguments for writing efficient programs even though hardware is relatively inexpensive? As hardware costs decreased the major cost of computing shifted to programmer costs in software. Programs were being used more and more for larger and more complex tasks and thus having efficiently written programs saved on computing costs. Companies found out that programming language deficiencies such as incomplete type checking and poorly designed control statements led to lower programmer productivity. Write an evaluation of some programming language you know, using the criteria described in this chapter. Readability In terms of readability, Java has some issues with simplicity with respect to readability. There is feature multiplicity in Java as shown in the textbook with the example of count = count + 1, count++, count +=1 and ++count being 4 different ways to increment an integer by 1. Another problem is operator overloading since java allows some operators such as the + sign to add integers, floats, and other number types. One of the good things about Javas overall simplicity is that the basic constructs follows that of the C and C++ family, thus its relatively similar for people who know those languages. Control statements in java have higher readability than old BASIC and Fortran programs because they can use more complex conditionals like for loops. There is no need for goto statements that have the reader leaping to other lines of code that could be far away or out of order. However, the use of braces to designate the starting and stopping points of all compound statements can lead to som e confusion. Java has 8 primitive data types: Boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float and double and has no pointer types. Data types and structures can be specified to a high degree. Writablity Java has a fair bit of orthogonality in that its primitive constructs can be used in various different ways. Because Java is an imperative language that supports object oriented programming, it can be fairly complex. Java supports data abstraction so it would be easier to create a binary tree in java with its dynamic storage and pointers than in a language like Fortran 77. Java also has a for statement which is easier than using a typical while statement. Java is a high level programming language so specifying details like memory allocation are unnecessary due to javas dynamic array system. Reliablity Java uses a type checker at compile time which virtually eliminates most of the type errors during run time. Its much improved over a program like C especially with respect to allocation and de-allocation of memory. It might be a little more cumbersome to get around the errors of Java but this insures that programmers dont screw up the code and possibly computer like what could happen with an inexperienced programmer in C. Java also has extensive exception handling and can check for and throw for several different documented exceptions. Java restricts the amount of aliasing from its predecessor C to allow for greater reliability. With respect to cost, Java has a fairly extensive library so it can be difficult for people to learn all the aspects of the language. Writing a simple program in Java is rather difficult due to the declaration of the public class and the execution statement public static void main (String[] args) {à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦}. However Javas support of encapsulation allo ws multiple programmers working on a project to collaborate without messing up each others code. Different parts can be designated as public, private, protectedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and thus access can be regulated. Java also has a free complier/interpreter system thus it is more widely used than an expensive compiler. Some programming languages, for example, Pascal have used the semicolon to separate statements, while Java uses it to terminate statement. Which of these, in your opinion, is most natural and least likely to result in syntax errors? Support your answer. Personally I feel that Pascals usage of the semicolon to separate statements is rather counterintuitive but possibly its because I learned the usage of the semicolon to terminate statements in C before I learned Pascal. In Pascal one needs to look ahead and identify whether or not the next line is a statement before putting a semicolon. This can be a hassle because requires a programmer to go back and change code before adding new code. For example if use had a program in Pascal that had a simple if statement If x = 0 then Answer:=1; Then in Pascal if you wanted to add an else clause you would have to go back and delete the semicolon because an else clause is not considered a new statement. If x = 0 then Answer:=1 Else Answer:=2; Some Pascal compilers will catch wrongly placed semicolons and declare them as errors. It also means that a programmer needs to be able to recognize what is and what is not a statement thus it hurts writablity. Of course, other requirements in Java such as the usage of parenthesis around the conditional or the usage of braces around the compound statements can also be confusing. However I think its easier to remember not to put a semi-colon after a right brace than it is to have to watch out for not putting it after each statement. The relative consistency of Java is more intuitive than the structure of Pascal.

Project Charter

Redesign network topology in preparation for phase 2 Phase 2 Replace edge switches (I. E. Server, PC, Phone stacks) with viable Ethernet solution Increase bandwidth by using fiber instead of copper connections between the edge devices and the core routers Objectives this refresh we will be able to take advantage of newer technology that has been introduced over the past 10 years. Another goal is to increase uptime by looking into a more redundant, robust solution. Our goal, to achieve axes.Business Need To provide our customers service above and beyond their current expectations we need a modern network. This network should have the ability to expand as our company grows. Faster ports and newer technology to drive us into the next decade. Resiliency and redundancy will play a large part, helping us achieve our goal of axes. Project Manager and Stakeholders Project Manager / Principal Infrastructure Engineer Person Network Engineer – Person External Company – Person Stak eholders – Internal/external customers Milestones Request for Information Out Request for Purchase OutBudget Numbers presented POP for Phase 1 Implementation of Phase 1 POP for Phase 2 Implementation for Phase 2 Budget – Person Network Architect – This project is a high budget project spread out over the course of 2 years/ 2 phases. Approximate cost $600,000 for Hardware, Service and outside expertise. User Acceptance Criteria/Quality What are the minimum success criteria as defined by the key stakeholders? High-Level Project Assumptions The Data network is currently out of warranty and End of Life, support can be obtained for a premium, but no patches will be created.High-Level Project Constraints Time – With the company striving for axes we need the proper downtime to implement the solution Exclusions and Boundaries Core Routers Edge Switches Redesign of network topology Increase performance on the network Out of Scope: Telephony, Servers, Wireless, Dat abase and anything not otherwise noted in the scope of the project. Major Risks The project is complex, removing our current network and replacing it with a new network. If not planned correctly we could see packet loss across the network, no network connectivity or improper flow of traffic. Project Charter The goal of this project is to provide the customer with a custom hot rod that he can hop in and drive without worry. It is the goal of Phoenix Rain Customs to make this truck as dependable as possible so the customer can take the truck around the lock down the street to a local car show or be able to drive it across the country and have the vehicle as reliable as a new car.Phoenix Rain Customs is assuming there will be minimal body work to be done because the body is in overall excellent shape. Risks that are taken into account are that will have to go deeper into the body work and the suspension depending on what the customer wants. There is a budget of 50 thousand dollars approved of by the customer with the provision of an additional 10 thousand if needed.The timeline involved is that the customer would like it finished ND tested by the end of June 2014, so he can take it on a trip during the July 4th holiday Goals To provide customer with a new vehicle that has all the modern sa fety components Provide customer with modern technology and environmental comforts while retaining era correct styling cues Provide customer with modern reliability and with mild street manners This project will create a one of a kind vehicle that will incorporate modern design elements while retaining era correct styling cues.This project will involve several different vendors ranging from body and paint vendors located in the Tacoma Metro ere. The parts vendors will be located throughout the United States. Phoenix Rain Customs will coordinate with vendors locally and nationally to order and receive parts in a timely manner. The High Level Deliverables are as follows: Initial Assessment Body and Paint Interior Drive Train Electrical Assembly AQUA Project Deliverables Milestone Deliverable 1. Initial Assessment Vehicle in Shop and Stripped of components. Remove engine and drive train. Order new frame and suspension.Order new wheels and tires decided upon by customer lead time of six ty days deeded by manufacturer to custom cut wheels. Sit down with customer and go over plan and colors for construction of vehicle. 2. Body And Paint Get body panels media blasted to assess how much body work will need to be done Order new bed components Send frame and suspension for powder coating Get body panels and cab to paint shop to start body and paint process. 3. Interior Order new seats and send to upholstery shop for recovering Order new gauges and dash components Order interior kit. Coordinate with Stereo installer and order stereo components 4.Drive Train Order new engine and drive train combination Receive frame back from powder coating Install new brake system Install suspension system Install new drive train in frame 5. Electrical Install new wiring harness in truck Rewire all interior components Test electrical 6. Assembly Receive cab and body panels back from body shop Put cab and body panels on frame Install new bed wood and hardware Install new interior and dash assembly Install new glass and seals Inspect truck for fit and finish Have unit buffed Take on test drive/ assessment Have customer come in and give assessment Project Charter The goal of this project is to provide the customer with a custom hot rod that he can hop in and drive without worry. It is the goal of Phoenix Rain Customs to make this truck as dependable as possible so the customer can take the truck around the lock down the street to a local car show or be able to drive it across the country and have the vehicle as reliable as a new car.Phoenix Rain Customs is assuming there will be minimal body work to be done because the body is in overall excellent shape. Risks that are taken into account are that will have to go deeper into the body work and the suspension depending on what the customer wants. There is a budget of 50 thousand dollars approved of by the customer with the provision of an additional 10 thousand if needed.The timeline involved is that the customer would like it finished ND tested by the end of June 2014, so he can take it on a trip during the July 4th holiday Goals To provide customer with a new vehicle that has all the modern sa fety components Provide customer with modern technology and environmental comforts while retaining era correct styling cues Provide customer with modern reliability and with mild street manners This project will create a one of a kind vehicle that will incorporate modern design elements while retaining era correct styling cues.This project will involve several different vendors ranging from body and paint vendors located in the Tacoma Metro ere. The parts vendors will be located throughout the United States. Phoenix Rain Customs will coordinate with vendors locally and nationally to order and receive parts in a timely manner. The High Level Deliverables are as follows: Initial Assessment Body and Paint Interior Drive Train Electrical Assembly AQUA Project Deliverables Milestone Deliverable 1. Initial Assessment Vehicle in Shop and Stripped of components. Remove engine and drive train. Order new frame and suspension.Order new wheels and tires decided upon by customer lead time of six ty days deeded by manufacturer to custom cut wheels. Sit down with customer and go over plan and colors for construction of vehicle. 2. Body And Paint Get body panels media blasted to assess how much body work will need to be done Order new bed components Send frame and suspension for powder coating Get body panels and cab to paint shop to start body and paint process. 3. Interior Order new seats and send to upholstery shop for recovering Order new gauges and dash components Order interior kit. Coordinate with Stereo installer and order stereo components 4.Drive Train Order new engine and drive train combination Receive frame back from powder coating Install new brake system Install suspension system Install new drive train in frame 5. Electrical Install new wiring harness in truck Rewire all interior components Test electrical 6. Assembly Receive cab and body panels back from body shop Put cab and body panels on frame Install new bed wood and hardware Install new interior and dash assembly Install new glass and seals Inspect truck for fit and finish Have unit buffed Take on test drive/ assessment Have customer come in and give assessment Project Charter Redesign network topology in preparation for phase 2 Phase 2 Replace edge switches (I. E. Server, PC, Phone stacks) with viable Ethernet solution Increase bandwidth by using fiber instead of copper connections between the edge devices and the core routers Objectives this refresh we will be able to take advantage of newer technology that has been introduced over the past 10 years. Another goal is to increase uptime by looking into a more redundant, robust solution. Our goal, to achieve axes.Business Need To provide our customers service above and beyond their current expectations we need a modern network. This network should have the ability to expand as our company grows. Faster ports and newer technology to drive us into the next decade. Resiliency and redundancy will play a large part, helping us achieve our goal of axes. Project Manager and Stakeholders Project Manager / Principal Infrastructure Engineer Person Network Engineer – Person External Company – Person Stak eholders – Internal/external customers Milestones Request for Information Out Request for Purchase OutBudget Numbers presented POP for Phase 1 Implementation of Phase 1 POP for Phase 2 Implementation for Phase 2 Budget – Person Network Architect – This project is a high budget project spread out over the course of 2 years/ 2 phases. Approximate cost $600,000 for Hardware, Service and outside expertise. User Acceptance Criteria/Quality What are the minimum success criteria as defined by the key stakeholders? High-Level Project Assumptions The Data network is currently out of warranty and End of Life, support can be obtained for a premium, but no patches will be created.High-Level Project Constraints Time – With the company striving for axes we need the proper downtime to implement the solution Exclusions and Boundaries Core Routers Edge Switches Redesign of network topology Increase performance on the network Out of Scope: Telephony, Servers, Wireless, Dat abase and anything not otherwise noted in the scope of the project. Major Risks The project is complex, removing our current network and replacing it with a new network. If not planned correctly we could see packet loss across the network, no network connectivity or improper flow of traffic.

International Finance

The nomenclature of the global economic arena Is the saying that the world Is flat and that It comes In a full circle; but where corporate power has transcended barriers and territorial borders, Terrorism remains as the bane of existence. Terrorism Is that plague that reeks In every corporate dominated land. It wasn't Just the twin WET towers plummeting at the darted vision of terror but it was the networked failure of man's economic progress.The global news of today is resplendent of the clatter of bullets, the tyranny of armed tanks and most importantly, the breakthrough of man's bestial brutality. Truncated calls, crashing stock markets, wary economists; the economic world witnessed the horror on 9/1 1, 26/11 etc. Brokers lay crestfallen, investors chose survivals over super profits; above all, the business of man failed. The first question that can be gawked on is how does the economy of the world suffer after the aftermath of a terrorist activity?In the advent of superior global ization, countries favor entry Into the markets by relying on exporting goods and services, which leads to the feasibility of rapid and broad outlook of global markets; It will also reduce the heavy dependence on high remissive physical faceless, which can offer much understandability, flexibility for reacting to unforeseeable market changes and rapid adjustments. Foreign direct Investment or FDA remains one of the key backstabbers for an aspiring global economy.Major investments in major countries of the world stand on shaky ground when such events happen in the light of the economy. When it comes to global economics, transaction costs and economies of scale, Foreign Direct Investment is a priority among financial planners, but the risky affair of dwindling between what is to e injected in the economy and what is to be exported are deemed to be worrisome. Global Markets have the trend to reprimand failure more severely than rewarding success, which have made risk minimizing strateg ies a pathway for business promoters and planners.The yester years before the first fatal blow of terrorism to the global business arena saw a stupendous growth of International ventures; but after the wrath experienced by the international markets: it took into concentrating of domestic affiliations and concentrations. This was evident by the fall of international monetary saving and faith. Money laundering has led to the modern day malaise of terrorism financing. Tightening money laundering laws in the United states still remain ineffective at the gawking reality of a global banking giant- HASH having fallen prey to such accusations.Hash's banking activities in Saudi Arabia, specifically activities pertaining to referencing banking with AY Rajah Bank were brought under the radar. An investigation claimed that the Saudi bank had financed terrorist activities In purview of the September 11 investigations. In fact, it is now Infamously known as the- â€Å"Early Financial benefactor of the al- Qaeda†. Although, there was a hiatus In the banking transactions of HASH and AY Rajah bank; but both the banks have resumed their dealings. Two Bangladesh banks have been accused on salary grounds.Tighter norms and stringent Basel laws could be the trump card but the Course structures pertaining to international business have witnessed a setback in lieu of worsening international ties; it is well evident by the declining education of international studies in the United States, as per the stats relating to enrollments in International Business Courses and Foreign language courses. During the past few ears, managers have moved from the focus of proactive exploration concerning international opportunities in the global arena to a rather defensive posture that emphasizes on the vulnerability of foreign operations and global threats.The September 11 attack alone caused around 40 billion of insurance losses in USA. There was an liquidity need addressed by the federal rese rve along with the delay of major global stock markets like NYSE, FETES etc. The nightmares of the Ells (Foreign institutional Investors has Just begun with the sharp shoot ups of the gold and other commodities prices. As the dollar recovered, it rather showed how the economy could have a domino effect in Just a moment of a terror attack.Although stocks recovered from the short bearish phase of the 26/11 attack in Iambi; it can't offer a solution for the momentary involuntary losses in the global economy. The worst part is that how can a manager appropriate against such costs? The cost of human labor, wealth and resources? It is not Just the infrastructure being marred or the sabbatical day being a black day but it is the vulnerability of corporate giants in front of the tryst with terrorism. The cost born for provisioning against such losses cannot be anticipated.They can seep through any advent of the business; whether it's the hijacked plane or the bakery which gets bombarded; th e vivid imagination of terror cripples the masculinity of business. The real question that looms on every single business maker is that who is supposed to bear this impossible to inappropriate cost? The government or the various international bodies? Yes, there is indeed something scarier than the sublime crisis, and it is the sublime crisis of human empathy and brotherhood. What might seem as the biggest looming threat to the business of the world can actually be a way to fight this common malaise forever.It is the world cooperation of various international bodies and government bodies including multinational corporations to bring an end to this plaguing condition. In the face of such a terror; the rescue can only be the pooled efforts of every individual who dreams of international cooperation and benefit. Rather than basking on the indifference curve, it might be the time of our corporate lives to pull our socks even higher; so that each individual with its own competence forms t he army of seamless unity and strength. International Finance Chapter 4 Practice Problems Percentage Depreciation †¢ Assume the spot rate of the British pound is $1. 73. The expected spot rate one year from now is assumed to be $1. 66. What percentage depreciation does this reflect? †¢ ($1 66 – $1 73)/$1 73 = –4. 05% ($1. 66 $1. 73)/$1. 73 4 05% Expected depreciation of 4. 05% percent Inflation Effects on Exchange Rates †¢ Assume that the U. S. inflation rate becomes high relative to Canadian inflation. Other things being equal, how should this affect the (a) U. S. demand for Canadian dollars, (b) supply of Canadian dollars for sale, and (c) equilibrium value of the Canadian dollar? Demand for Canadian dollars should increase, ? Supply of Canadian dollars for sale should decrease, and ? The Canadian dollar’s value should increase. 1 Interest Rate Effects on Exchange Rates †¢ Assume U. S. interest rates fall relative to British interest rates. Other things being equal, how should this affect the (a) U. S. demand for British pounds, (b) supply of pounds for sale, and (c) equilibrium value of the pound? ? Demand for pounds should increase, ? Supply of pounds for sale should decrease, and ? The pound’s value should increase. Income Effects on Exchange Rates †¢ Assume that the U.S. income level rises at a much higher rate than does the Canadian income level. Other things being equal, how should this affect the (a) U. S. demand for Canadian dollars, (b) supply of Canadian dollars for sale, and (c) equilibrium value of th Canadian dollar? f the C di d ll ? ? Assuming no effect on U. S. interest rates, demand for dollars should increase, ? Supply of dollars for sale may not be affected, and ? The dollar’s value should increase. Trade Restriction Effects on Exchange Rates †¢ Assume that the Japanese government relaxes its controls on imports by Japanese companies.Other things being equal, how should this affect the (a) U. S. demand for Japanese yen, (b) supply of yen for sale, and (c) equilibrium value of the yen? ? Demand for yen should not be affected, ? Supply of yen for sale should increase, and ? The value of yen should decrease. 2 Effects of Real Interest Rates †¢ What is the expected relationship between the relative real interest rates of two countries and the exchange rate of their currencies? ? The higher the real interest rate of a country relative to another country, the stronger will be its home currency, other things equal. Speculative Effects on Exchange Rates Explain why a public forecast about future interest rates could affect the value of the dollar today. Why do some forecasts by well-respected economists have no impact on today’s value of the dollar? ? Speculators can use anticipated interest rate movements to forecast exchange rate movements. ? Th may purchase f i securities b They h foreign iti because of their f th i expectations about currency movements, since their yield will be affected by changes in a cur rency’s value. ? These purchases of securities require an exchange of currencies, which can immediately affect the equilibrium value of exchange rates. It was already anticipated by market participants or is not different from investors’ original expectations. Interaction of Exchange Rates †¢ Assume that there are substantial capital flows among Canada, the U. S. , and Japan. If interest rates in Canada decline to a level below the U. S. interest rate, and inflationary expectations remain unchanged, how could this affect the value of the Canadian dollar against the U. S. dollar? ? If interest rates in Canada decline, there may be an increase in capital flows from Canada to the U. S. ? In addition, U. S. investors may attempt to capitalize on higher U.S. interest rates, while U. S. investors reduce their investments in Canada’s securities. ? This places downward pressure on the Canadian dollar’s value. 3 Interaction of Exchange Rates †¢ How might this affect the value of the Canadian dollar against the Japanese yen? ? Japanese investors that previously invested in Canada may , p shift to the U. S. Thus, the reduced flow of funds from Japan would place downward pressure on the Canadian dollar against the Japanese yen. Relative Importance of Factors Affecting Exchange Rate Risk †¢ Assume that the level of capital flows between the U.S. and the country of Krendo is negligible and will continue to be. But there is a substantial amount of trade between the U. S. and the country of Krendo. Which affect, high inflation or high interest rates will be seen in the value of the Krendo’s currency? Krendo s †¢ The inflation effect will be stronger than the interest rate effect because inflation affects trade flows. ? The high inflation should cause downward pressure on the kren. Speculation †¢ Blue Demon Bank expects that the Mexican peso will depreciate against the dollar from its spot rate of $. 5 to $. 14 in 10 days. The following interbank lending and borrowing rates exist: U. S. dollar Mexican peso Lending Rate Borrowing Rate 8. 0% 8. 3% 8. 5% 8. 7% Assume that Blue Demon Bank has a borrowing capacity of either $10 million or 70 million pesos in the interbank market, depending on which currency it wants to borrow. How could Blue Demon Bank attempt to capitalize on its expectations without using deposited funds? Estimate the profits that could be generated from this strategy. 4 Speculation 1. Borrow MXP70 million 2.Convert the MXP70 million to dollars: MXP70,000,000 ? $. 15 = $10,500,000 3. Lend the dollars through the interbank market at 8. 0% annualized over a 10-day period. The amount accumulated in 10 days is: $10,500,000 ? [1 + (8% ? 10/360)] [ ] = $10,500,000 ? [1. 002222] = $10,523,333 4. Repay the peso loan. The repayment amount on the peso loan is: MXP70,000,000 ? [1 + (8. 7% ? 10/360)] = 70,000,000 ? [1. 002417] = MXP70,169,167 5. Based on the expected spot rate of $. 14, the am ount of dollars needed to repay the peso loan is: MXP70,169,167 ? $. 14 = $9,823,683 6.After repaying the loan, Blue Demon Bank will have a speculative profit of: $10,523,333 – $9,823,683 = $699,650 Speculation †¢ Assume all the preceding information with this exception: Blue Demon Bank expects the peso to appreciate from its present spot rate of $. 15 to $. 17 in 30 days. How could it attempt to capitalize on its expectations without using deposited funds? Estimate the profits that could be generated from this strategy. Speculation 1. Borrow $10 million 2. Convert the $10 million to pesos (MXP): $10,000,000/$. 15 = MXP66,666,667 3. Lend the pesos through the interbank market at 8. % annualized over a 30-day period. The amount accumulated in 30 days is: MXP66,666,667 ? [1 + (8. 5% ? 30/360)] [ ] = 66,666,667 ? [1. 007083] = MXP67,138,889 4. Repay the dollar loan. The repayment amount on the dollar loan is: $10,000,000 ? [1 + (8. 3% ? 30/360)] = $10,000,000 ? [1. 006917] = $10,069,170 5. Convert the pesos to dollars to repay the loan. The amount of dollars to be received in 30 days (based on the expected spot rate of $. 17) is: MXP67,138,889 ? $. 17 = $11,413,611 6. The profits are (could be): $11,413,611 – $10,069,170 = $1,344,441 5 International Finance The nomenclature of the global economic arena Is the saying that the world Is flat and that It comes In a full circle; but where corporate power has transcended barriers and territorial borders, Terrorism remains as the bane of existence. Terrorism Is that plague that reeks In every corporate dominated land. It wasn't Just the twin WET towers plummeting at the darted vision of terror but it was the networked failure of man's economic progress.The global news of today is resplendent of the clatter of bullets, the tyranny of armed tanks and most importantly, the breakthrough of man's bestial brutality. Truncated calls, crashing stock markets, wary economists; the economic world witnessed the horror on 9/1 1, 26/11 etc. Brokers lay crestfallen, investors chose survivals over super profits; above all, the business of man failed. The first question that can be gawked on is how does the economy of the world suffer after the aftermath of a terrorist activity?In the advent of superior global ization, countries favor entry Into the markets by relying on exporting goods and services, which leads to the feasibility of rapid and broad outlook of global markets; It will also reduce the heavy dependence on high remissive physical faceless, which can offer much understandability, flexibility for reacting to unforeseeable market changes and rapid adjustments. Foreign direct Investment or FDA remains one of the key backstabbers for an aspiring global economy.Major investments in major countries of the world stand on shaky ground when such events happen in the light of the economy. When it comes to global economics, transaction costs and economies of scale, Foreign Direct Investment is a priority among financial planners, but the risky affair of dwindling between what is to e injected in the economy and what is to be exported are deemed to be worrisome. Global Markets have the trend to reprimand failure more severely than rewarding success, which have made risk minimizing strateg ies a pathway for business promoters and planners.The yester years before the first fatal blow of terrorism to the global business arena saw a stupendous growth of International ventures; but after the wrath experienced by the international markets: it took into concentrating of domestic affiliations and concentrations. This was evident by the fall of international monetary saving and faith. Money laundering has led to the modern day malaise of terrorism financing. Tightening money laundering laws in the United states still remain ineffective at the gawking reality of a global banking giant- HASH having fallen prey to such accusations.Hash's banking activities in Saudi Arabia, specifically activities pertaining to referencing banking with AY Rajah Bank were brought under the radar. An investigation claimed that the Saudi bank had financed terrorist activities In purview of the September 11 investigations. In fact, it is now Infamously known as the- â€Å"Early Financial benefactor of the al- Qaeda†. Although, there was a hiatus In the banking transactions of HASH and AY Rajah bank; but both the banks have resumed their dealings. Two Bangladesh banks have been accused on salary grounds.Tighter norms and stringent Basel laws could be the trump card but the Course structures pertaining to international business have witnessed a setback in lieu of worsening international ties; it is well evident by the declining education of international studies in the United States, as per the stats relating to enrollments in International Business Courses and Foreign language courses. During the past few ears, managers have moved from the focus of proactive exploration concerning international opportunities in the global arena to a rather defensive posture that emphasizes on the vulnerability of foreign operations and global threats.The September 11 attack alone caused around 40 billion of insurance losses in USA. There was an liquidity need addressed by the federal rese rve along with the delay of major global stock markets like NYSE, FETES etc. The nightmares of the Ells (Foreign institutional Investors has Just begun with the sharp shoot ups of the gold and other commodities prices. As the dollar recovered, it rather showed how the economy could have a domino effect in Just a moment of a terror attack.Although stocks recovered from the short bearish phase of the 26/11 attack in Iambi; it can't offer a solution for the momentary involuntary losses in the global economy. The worst part is that how can a manager appropriate against such costs? The cost of human labor, wealth and resources? It is not Just the infrastructure being marred or the sabbatical day being a black day but it is the vulnerability of corporate giants in front of the tryst with terrorism. The cost born for provisioning against such losses cannot be anticipated.They can seep through any advent of the business; whether it's the hijacked plane or the bakery which gets bombarded; th e vivid imagination of terror cripples the masculinity of business. The real question that looms on every single business maker is that who is supposed to bear this impossible to inappropriate cost? The government or the various international bodies? Yes, there is indeed something scarier than the sublime crisis, and it is the sublime crisis of human empathy and brotherhood. What might seem as the biggest looming threat to the business of the world can actually be a way to fight this common malaise forever.It is the world cooperation of various international bodies and government bodies including multinational corporations to bring an end to this plaguing condition. In the face of such a terror; the rescue can only be the pooled efforts of every individual who dreams of international cooperation and benefit. Rather than basking on the indifference curve, it might be the time of our corporate lives to pull our socks even higher; so that each individual with its own competence forms t he army of seamless unity and strength. International Finance Abstract: The assignment requires one to select one major economic sector in Tanzania and †¢Evaluate the FDI’S flow and †¢the importance of FDI’s in that sector during the past 4 years. †¢Identify the likely impairing factors to FDI’s in that sector. †¢Recommend what the government should do to attract more FDI’S Method After selecting the one major economic sector which is Agricultural sector, data were requested which will provide the end results of this assignment. ? Table of Contents 1. Introduction: Tanzania’s Economy4 2. Evaluation of Tanzania’s FDI’s flow5 . Importance of FDI in Agriculture in the past 4 years7 †¢Capital:7 †¢Technology:8 †¢Market Access:8 4. Factors Impairing FDI’s in Tanzania8 †¢Poor Infrastructure8 †¢Capacity8 †¢Bureaucracy8 †¢Corruption9 †¢Seasonality9 †¢Access to finance9 †¢Regulatory framework9 5. Recommendation to attract more FDI ’s10 6. Conclusion10 References. 12 1. Introduction: Tanzania’s Economy Tanzania is one of the world's poorest economies in terms of per capita income, with GDP growth of average 7% per year between 2000 and 2008 on strong gold production and tourism.However, the economy heavily depends on agriculture, which accounts for more than one-fourth of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 60% of the work force. Tanzania also depends on the World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors to provide funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging economic infrastructure, including rail and port infrastructure that are important trade links for inland countries. With the recent banking reforms that have helped increase private-sector growth and investment, and the government has increased spending on agriculture to 7% of its budget.Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported a positive growth rate, despite the world recession. Also, in 2008, Tanzania receive d the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact grant, worth $698 million. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus and loosened monetary policy to ease the impact of the global recession. GDP growth in 2009-10 was a respectable 6% per year due to high gold prices and increased production. Tanzania's economy was forecast to grow by 7. 2 percent in 2012, up from an estimated 6. 0 percent this year, provided weather conditions improve as reported by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).However, Tanzania's economy will grow by a median 6. 7 percent this year from 7. 0 percent last year, weighed down by chronic energy shortages, as reported by a Reuter’s poll. The median forecast by a poll of 11 analysts showed gross domestic product would rebound to 7. 1 percent next year in east Africa's second-largest economy. The downside risks to the growth outlook emanate mostly from the power rationing that has been going on in the country. It has compelled firms to resort to less productive sources of power. The Washington-based body earlier this year cut its 2011 growth projection for Tanzania from 7. percent because of widespread power outages triggered by drought in the predominantly hydropower producing country. Africa's fourth biggest gold producer, Tanzania mainly depends on tourism, mining and agriculture and is increasingly attracting higher investor interest in telecommunications, energy, manufacturing, financial services and transport. 2. Evaluation of Tanzania’s FDI’s flow The Government of Tanzania (GOT) generally has a favorable attitude toward foreign direct investment (FDI) and has made significant efforts to encourage foreign investment.After several years of growing FDI, new FDI declined sharply from USD 6. 68 billion in 2008 to USD 2. 3 billion in 2009. The number of new foreign projects registered at TIC dropped to 503 last year from 768 in 2008. There is no restriction in foreign exchange. Foreign investors generally receive national treatment; however, the Tourism Act of 2007 bars foreigners from engaging in some tourism-related businesses. The Dar Es Salaam Stock Exchange forbids companies with more than 60 percent foreign ownership from listing.There are no laws or regulations authorizing private firms to limit or prohibit foreign investment, participation, or control, and firms generally do not restrict foreign participation in practice. The global economic crisis had minimal impact on the Tanzanian financial sector due to its relatively low global integration, however tourist arrivals dropped up to 20 percent, new tourist projects fell by 50 percent, and FDI dropped within the natural resource sector, resulting in layoffs at gold mining firms and stalled mineral and gas exploration and development projects.The Tanzanian Investment Center (TIC), established by the Tanzanian Investment Act of 1997, is the focal point for all investors’ inquiries, screens foreign investments, and facilitates project sta rt-ups. Filing with TIC is not mandatory, but offers incentives for joint ventures with Tanzanians and wholly owned foreign projects above USD 300,000. The review process takes up to 10 days, and involves multiple GOT agencies, which are required by law to cooperate fully with TIC in facilitating foreign investment, but in practice can create bureaucratic delays.TIC continues to improve investment facilitation services, provide joint venture opportunities between local and foreign investors, and disseminate investment information. TIC does not have specific criteria for screening or approving projects, but considers factors such as: foreign exchange generation and savings, import substitution, employment creation, linkages to the local economy, technology transfer, and expansion of production of goods and services. Among investment and trade opportunities promoted by the TIC are agriculture, mining, tourism, telecommunications, financial services, and energy and transportation infra structure.The Economic Processing Zones Act 2006 authorized the establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to augment investments in the light industry, agro-processing industry and agriculture sectors. Greenfield foreign direct investments are allowed through this legislation. The Export Processing Zones Authority continues to promote Export Processing Zones (EPZ) to attract investments in agribusiness, textiles and electronics and Spatial Development Initiatives (SDI). Investors in EPZs are eligible for tax exemptions. Investments on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) are open to foreign investors, but capped at 60 percent.Foreign investors are barred from participating in government securities. The financial sector has continued to expand, with an increase in foreign-affiliated financial institutions and banks operating in Tanzania. As of December 2009, the Bank of Tanzania listed a total of 27 commercial banks licensed and operating in Tanzania, over half of which are fo reign-affiliated banks. Competition among these foreign commercial banks has resulted in significant improvement in the efficiency and quality of financial services.Tanzania expected to increase foreign direct investment (FDI) by 16 percent in 2010 from $645 million last year as the global economy recovers. Foreign direct investment in 2009 dropped from $679 million the year before as a result of the global financial crisis. The FDI inflows into east Africa's second largest economy were expected to surge to $800 million in 2011. Tanzania's economy mainly depends on tourism, mining and agriculture. Its telecommunications, energy, manufacturing, financial services and transport sectors are attracting rising investor interest.It is expected that most of the investments in 2010/11 will focus on tourism, agriculture and telecoms. The government is implementing investment reforms to woo foreign capital. According to the World Bank's Doing Business in the East African Community 2010 report , Tanzania fares poorly in key areas such as closing and starting a business, protecting investors, access to credit, cross border trade and issuance of construction permits. 3. Importance of FDI in Agriculture in the past 4 years Tanzania has more than 44 million hectares of arable land, and a wide variety of ecological zones, climates and water resources.The country could feed most of the East, Central and Southern African countries with food deficits. 80% of the population in Tanzania lives in rural areas and are in some way or another depending on agriculture. The agricultural sector is vital to Tanzania’s economy and therefore also to the reduction and eradication of poverty. Other advantages of FDIs in agricultural sector in Tanzania are as follows: †¢Capital: First and foremost FDI brings much needed capital to Tanzania. This helps the country to achieve rates of domestic investment higher than their domestic savings.Besides, the financial resources that FDI bring s in are in long term and non-debt creating. †¢Technology: There are a number of ways in which FDI through TNCs can help develop indigenous technology. Firstly TNCs usually bring in modern technology in agriculture and practices to Tanzania and help it upgrade its existing technology. †¢Market Access: TNCs in the agricultural sector has enabled Tanzania to better exploit its comparative advantage in international trade and thus gain access to global markets. 4. Factors Impairing FDI’s in Tanzania †¢Poor Infrastructure Lack of stable power has led to power outages throughout the country.It has compelled firms to resort to less productive sources of power. These power outages triggered by drought due to high reliance in the predominantly hydropower. Another significant constraint to improving FDI in Tanzania through agriculture is poor infrastructure within Tanzania. Insufficient investment in the road network has resulted in just 4,000 kilometers of Tanzaniaâ₠¬â„¢s 85,000 km road network being paved. Most of these unpaved roads are feeder roads in rural areas, and many routes become impassable after heavy rains. The country’s two railway systems are also unreliable, with dilapidated infrastructure and outdated rolling stock. Capacity TIC currently lacks the capacity to address the complicated and non-transparent investment clearance processes, to collect comprehensive and timely data for the research needed to facilitate both policy making and investment decision-making. †¢Bureaucracy Bureaucratic intransigence continues to pose a severe obstacle to doing business in Tanzania as in the rest of East Africa. Investors looking to startup businesses in Tanzania often complain about the level of red tape associated with issues such as the issuance of business licenses, company registration, building permits, land certificates and taxation. Corruption Corruption is an endemic problem in Tanzania and is often cited as one of the big gest hindrances to doing business. The World Bank 2006 Enterprise Survey indicates that 49. 5% of the surveyed companies reports that they expect to make informal payments to achieve specific goals. According to the 2006 IFC-World Bank Enterprise Survey, 20% of the companies surveyed expect to give gifts or make informal payments to get an operating license, and 32% to get a construction permit. †¢SeasonalityMore than 75% of Tanzanian enterprises are heavily affected by seasonality, whereby farmers sell their produce when prices are lowest and buy inputs for the next cropping season when prices are highest. †¢Access to finance Most enterprises in the rural areas are small scale and engage in or rely on agriculture. Bearing the above constraint, these small enterprises have a comparatively high risk, high transaction costs and low volumes, limiting access to capital. †¢Regulatory framework The economic growth potential of investments in agricultural land is questionabl e due to an inadequate regulatory framework governing (FDI) in the sector.FDI in agricultural sector in Tanzania can even jeopardize local resource users land rights. In such that farmers are giving away their most valuable assets to profit-seeking entities, based on information asymmetries and persuasion. 5. Recommendation to attract more FDI’s Including the ongoing reforms to woo investments, TIC continues to improve investment facilitation services, provide joint venture opportunities between local and foreign investors, and disseminate investment information.In order to attract more FDIs in the agricultural sector and to increase productivity and high quality output, effort is needed to understand and eliminate the barriers to smallholders that inhibit the growth of productivity. The structural problems facing smallholders such as limited access to information, to input and output and financial markets need rethinking that will attract more FDI to the sector. Such an arra ngement would involve smallholders being better organized in producer associations.Producer associations can improve productivity, reduce costs through supply chain linkages and improve competitiveness. They manage to do so by improving access to necessary and affordable input (technologies and credit). The second challenge is to build integration of production, transport, processing and marketing to take advantage of supply and demand value addition. Third is to ensure the introduction of innovation and knowledge on a continuing basis without subjecting members to high consultancy fees given the socio-economic conditions of smallholders. 6. ConclusionApart from general determinants such as macroeconomic stability, efficient institutions, political stability and a good regulatory framework, the smallholder institutional setup has positive impact on FDI flow into the sector. It has been observed that crops whose smallholders are well organized attracted more FDI. An important implica tion of the result is that FDI to the agricultural sector is not solely driven by policies and incentives to foreign investment and that the institutional setup of smallholder farmers can play an important role in promoting investments to the sector.In the short and medium term, efforts to foster integration and creation of strong bonds between smallholders and investors through integrated producer schemes can increase FDI to the sector and thus increase productivity. Other determinants such as investment regulatory frameworks, policies that promote macroeconomic economic stability, and improved physical infrastructure also have a role to play both in the short and long run. In the long run, more FDI can be attained by developing strong institutions in all sectors. ?